‘Black boxes’ are algorithms that exist on Internet Service Provider (ISP) platforms that allow for intelligence communities to monitor internet traffic, often in order to surveil for terrorist threats. Two years after ‘black boxes’ were first legalized in France, the first one was implemented. The program as been criticized for lacking legal oversight and has not been audited for scope or specific objectives (Algorithm Watch 2019). No doubt, these systems have had immeasurable effects on privacy, freedom of speech, and equality.
